人權事務委員會，一般性評議第14號 / Human Rights Committee, General Comment 14, Article 6

 （人權事務委員會，一般性評議第14號，關於ICCPR第6條生命權的評論）

General Comment No. 14: Nuclear weapons and the right to life (Art. 6) : . 09/11/84.
CCPR General Comment No. 14. (General Comments)

Convention Abbreviation: CCPR
GENERAL COMMENT 14

Nuclear weapons and the right to life
(Article 6)

(Twenty-third session, 1984)

1. In its general comment 6 [16] adopted at its 378th meeting on 27 July 1982, the Human Rights Committee observed that the right to life enunciated in the first paragraph of article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is the supreme right from which no derogation is permitted even in time of public emergency. The same right to life is enshrined in article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1948. It is basic to all human rights.

2. In its previous general comment, the Committee also observed that it is the supreme duty of States to prevent wars. War and other acts of mass violence continue to be a scourge of humanity and take the lives of thousands of innocent human beings every year.

3. While remaining deeply concerned by the toll of human life taken by conventional weapons in armed conflicts, the Committee has noted that, during successive sessions of the General Assembly, representatives from all geographical regions have expressed their growing concern at the development and proliferation of increasingly awesome weapons of mass destruction, which not only threaten human life but also absorb resources that could otherwise be used for vital economic and social purposes, particularly for the benefit of developing countries, and thereby for promoting and securing the enjoyment of human rights for all.

4. The Committee associates itself with this concern. It is evident that the designing, testing, manufacture, possession and deployment of nuclear weapons are among the greatest threats to the right to life which confront mankind today. This threat is compounded by the danger that the actual use of such weapons may be brought about, not only in the event of war, but even through human or mechanical error or failure.

5. Furthermore, the very existence and gravity of this threat generates a climate of suspicion and fear between States, which is in itself antagonistic to the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the International Covenants on Human Rights.

6. The production, testing, possession, deployment and use of nuclear weapons should be prohibited and recognized as crimes against humanity.

7. The Committee accordingly, in the interest of mankind, calls upon all States, whether Parties to the Covenant or not, to take urgent steps, unilaterally and by agreement, to rid the world of this menace.

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第 14 號一般性意見：生命權

第二十三屆會議，1984 年

1. 人權事務委員會，1982 年 7 月 27 日第 378 次會議通過的一般性意見指出《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第 6 條第 1 款所闡明的生命權是甚至當社會緊急狀態存在時也絕不允許減損的最重要的權利。聯合國大會 1948 年 12 月10 日所通過的《世界人權宣言》第 3 條也揭櫫同樣的生命權。生命權是所有人權的基礎。

2. 委員會以往的一般評論還注意到，各國有防止戰爭的重大責任。戰爭和其他大規模暴行繼續給人類帶來災禍，每年奪走成千上萬無辜者的生命。

3. 委員會一方面深為關切在武裝衝突中由於常規武器所致人命損失，同時又指出，大會連續幾屆會議上，來自世界各地理區域的代表們對於研製和擴散日新月異的大規模毀滅性武器日益關切，這種武器不但威脅人命，同時還佔用了否則可用於重要經濟和社會用途的資源，特別是有利於發展中國家的用途者，從而可用於促使人人安享人權的資源。

4. 委員會對此亦表關切。設計、試驗、製造、擁有和部署核武器顯然是當今對人類生命權利的最大威脅。不僅在戰時可能實際使用這種武器，甚至因人為過失或機械故障均可能有實際使用這種武器的危險，使得核武器的威脅倍增。

5. 此外，這種武器的實際存在和威力在國家之間製造了猜疑和恐怖氣氛；從而足以妨害按照《聯合國憲章》和《關於人權的國際公約》的規定促使全世界都尊重和遵守人權及基本自由的工作。

6. 核武器的製造、試驗、擁有、部署和使用都應予以禁止並作為危害人類的罪行看待。

7. 為了人類的利益，委員會因此籲請所有各國，不論是否為《公約》的締約國，都以單獨和簽訂協定方式採取緊急步驟在世界上消除這一威脅。