保護面臨死刑者權利的保障措施 / Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty
保護面臨死刑者權利的保障措施
Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty
聯合國經濟及社會理事會第1984/50號決議批准
1. 在沒有廢除死刑的國家，只有最嚴重的罪行可判處死刑，但應理解為死刑的範圍只限於對蓄意而結果為害命或其他極端嚴重的罪刑。
2. 只有犯罪時法律明文規定應判死刑的罪行可判處死刑，但應理解為，如果在犯罪之後法律規定可以輕判，該罪犯應予輕判。
3. 犯罪時未滿18 歲的人不得判處死刑，對孕婦或新生嬰兒的母親，或精神病患者不得執行死刑。
4. 只有在對被告的罪行根據明確和令人信服的證據、對事實沒有其他解釋餘地的情況下，才能判處死刑。
5. 只有在經過法律程序提供確保審判公正的各種可能的保障，至少相當於《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第14 條所載的各項措施，包括任何被懷疑或被控告犯了可判死刑之罪的人有權在訴訟過程的每一階段取得適當法律協助後，才可根據主管法院的終審執行死刑。
6. 任何被判處死刑的人均有權向較高級的法院上訴，並應採取步驟確保這些上訴必須受理。
7. 任何被判處死刑的人均有權尋求赦免或減刑，所有死刑案件均可給予赦免或減刑。
8. 在上訴或採取其他追訴程序或與赦免或減刑有關的其他程序期間，不得執行死刑。
9. 判處死刑後，應以盡量減輕痛苦的方式執行。
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Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty
Approved by Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984
1. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, capital punishment may be imposed only for the most serious crimes, it being understood that their scope should not go beyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely grave consequences.
2. Capital punishment may be imposed only for a crime for which the death penalty is prescribed by law at the time of its commission, it being understood that if, subsequent to the commission of the crime, provision is made by law for the imposition of a lighter penalty, the offender shall benefit thereby.
3. Persons below 18 years of age at the time of the commission of the crime shall not be sentenced to death, nor shall the death sentence be carried out on pregnant women, or on new mothers, or on persons who have become insane.
4. Capital punishment may be imposed only when the guilt of the person charged is based upon clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts.
5. Capital punishment may only be carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court after legal process which gives all possible safeguards to ensure a fair trial, at least equal to those contained in article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, including the right of anyone suspected of or charged with a crime for which capital punishment may be imposed to adequate legal assistance at all stages of the proceedings.
6. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to appeal to a court of higher jurisdiction, and steps should be taken to ensure that such appeals shall become mandatory.
7. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon, or commutation of sentence; pardon or commutation of sentence may be granted in all cases of capital punishment.
8. Capital punishment shall not be carried out pending any appeal or other recourse procedure or other proceeding relating to pardon or commutation of the sentence.
9. Where capital punishment occurs, it shall be carried out so as to inflict the minimum possible suffering.